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Nicotine gum or patch treatment for smoking cessation and smoking reduction: a multi-centre study in

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 84-90 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0311-9

摘要：

In China, around 23% of physicians (41% male, 3% female) currently smoke. Pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence is available, but is not widely used in China. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effectiveness and the safety on smoking cessation of nicotine gum and nicotine patch in Chinese healthcare professionals. Three hundred regular smokers motivated to quit were recruited from six hospitals in China. All subjects were accepted nicotine replacement therapy, and they could choose nicotine gum (2 mg or 4 mg, depending on baseline smoking level) or nicotine patch (15 mg/16 h) for 12 weeks, with a 12-week follow-up. Limited behavioural support was provided. At Week 24, the 2--24 weeks continuous abstinence rate (verified by expired carbon monoxide) was 17%, the point prevalence abstinence rate (no smoking since the previous visit) was 35%, and 38% of subjects had continuously reduced their daily cigarette consumption by at least 50% versus baseline. Compliance with treatment was good, particularly with patch. No serious adverse event was reported, and most adverse events were mild or moderate. The most common treatment-related adverse events were gastro-intestinal (both gum and patch) and local irritation symptoms. Nicotine patch and gum were well tolerated in Chinese smokers. Abstinence rates were comparable to those previously reported with nicotine replacement therapy, and many smokers who did not quit substantially reduced their cigarette consumption.

关键词： nicotine replacement therapy smoking cessation Chinese physicians

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Effect of ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nicotine on the structure of Aβ protein

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1615-2

摘要：

● B[a]P, nicotine and phenanthrene molecules altered the secondary structure of Aβ₄₂.

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Nicotine toxicology Aβ₄₂ peptide Alzheimer’s disease Molecular dynamics simulations Environmental pollution

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Protective effects of nicotine on gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons and dopaminergic neurons in mice with

Lei FU MD , Dezheng GONG BM , Yan PENG , Dongmei WANG BM , Hong XU , Yue LI MD , Dengqin YU BS , Yanhui FENG MD , Shengming YIN PhD , Jin GONG , Yiping SUN PhD ,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 330-335 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0051-4

摘要： This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of nicotine on dopaminergic neurons and its mechanisms in mice with Parkinson disease (PD) induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). C57BL/6J mice were injected with MPTP for 8 days to establish a PD model. Nicotine was given for 10 days in the nicotine therapeutic group. Animals were examined behaviorally with the pole test and traction test. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were determined by using the immunocytochemistry (ICC) method. The ultrastructural changes of the caudate nucleus (CN) were observed under electron microscopy. The results showed that pretreatment with nicotine could improve the dyskinesia of PD mice markedly. Simultaneously, TH-positive ( < 0.01) neurons and GABA-positive ( < 0.05) neurons in the nicotine therapeutic group were significantly more than those in the model group. The ultrastructural injury of the nicotine therapeutic group was also ameliorated. Nicotine has protective effects on the γ-aminobutyric acid neurons and dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP-treated mice.

关键词： Parkinson disease nicotine dopaminergic neuron gamma-aminobutyric acid neuron

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Effect of fly ash replacement level on the fracture behavior of concrete

Mahdi AREZOUMANDI, Jeffery S. VOLZ

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 411-418 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0228-4

摘要： The production of portland cement–the key ingredient in concrete–generates a significant amount of carbon dioxide. However, due to its incredible versatility, availability, and relatively low cost, concrete is the most consumed manmade material on the planet. One method of reducing concrete’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is the use of fly ash to replace a significant amount of the cement. ?This study presents the results of an experimental investigation that evaluates effect of fly ash replacement level on the fracture energy of concrete. This study includes four mixes with 0%, 30%, 50%, and 70% fly ash as a cement replacement. This experimental program consisted of 32 fracture beams to study the fracture behavior of concrete. The experimental fracture energies were compared with the fracture energy provisions of different design codes and also different analytical equations. Furthermore, statistical data analyses (parametric and non-parametric) were performed to evaluate whether or not there is any statistically significant difference between the experimental fracture energies of different mixes. Results of these statistical tests show that the mix with higher level of fly ash replacement level has higher fracture energy.

关键词： concrete fracture energy fly ash

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Endosulfan residues and farmers’ replacement behaviors of endosulfan in the north-west inland cotton

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1803-8

摘要：

● The situation of endosulfan residues in cotton fields were assessed.

关键词： Cotton fields Endosulfan residues Farmers KAP survey Replacement behaviours

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The evolution of surgical and medical treatment of aortic root aneurysm

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 427-432 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0385-4

摘要：

Since first report of aortic root replacement in 1968, the surgical risk and long term outcome of patients with aortic root aneurysm have been continuously improving. In the last 30 years, the surgical approach is also evolving towards more valve conservation with prophylactical intervention at an earlier clinical stage. Translational research has also led to emerging surgical innovation and new drug therapy. Their efficacies are currently under vigorous clinical trials and evaluations.

关键词： aortic root aneurysm aortic root replacement valve sparing root replacement personalised external aortic root support

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term performance of recycled concrete beams with different water–cement ratio and recycled aggregate replacement

Jingwei YING; Feiming SU; Shuangren CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 302-315 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0803-7

摘要： The purpose of this study is to reveal the service performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) components for different values of water−cement ratio and replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). Generally, the concrete strength decreases with the increase of the replacement rate of RCA, in order to meet the strength requirements when changing the replacement rate of RCA, it is necessary to change the water−cement ratio at the same time. Therefore, the axial compressive strengths of prism with 25 mix proportions, the short-term mechanical properties and long-term deformation properties of reinforced concrete beams were tested respectively by changing water−cement ratio and RCA replacement rate. The bearing capacity and the strain nephogram of samples under different loads were obtained using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method, and a self-made gravity loading experimental device was used for long-term deformation investigation. Results showed that the damage pattern of RAC was the same as that of natural aggregate concrete (NAC), but the brittleness was more pronounced. The brittleness of concrete before failure can be reduced more effectively by adjusting the replacement rate of RCA than by adjusting the water−cement ratio. The water−cement ratio has an evident influence on the axial compressive strength and early creep of concrete, while the replacement rate of RCA has a remarkable effect on the long-term deformation of the concrete beams.

关键词： recycled concrete beam the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate water–cement ratio digital image correlation

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How to judge the association of postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of breast cancer

Ling XU

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 290-293 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0093-7

摘要： The relevance of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) for breast cancer risk has been long debated, although it is one of the most important barriers for women to accept HT. Various opinions have been reported from recent randomized clinical trials and epidemiological studies. These unanswered questions include: whether HT has a positive impact on breast cancer; whether risks of therapy with unopposed estrogen and combined estrogen-progestin are different; and whether different types and routes of estrogen and progestogens, as well as the duration and cessation of HT use, have different impacts on this disorder. Recently, there has been some good news such as the following: the currently available data do not provide sufficient evidence to prove a causal relationship between postmenopausal HT and breast cancer; breast cancer in postmenopausal women using HT usually has better prognosis than that of nonusers. In conclusion, HT is still the most effective method of relieving climacteric symptoms for many postmenopausal women. However, a possible risk of breast cancer associated with long-term HT usage should not be ignored. With respect to prevention of breast cancer, regular evaluation of individual breast cancer susceptibility and close follow-up through mammography and/or breast sonography are necessary strategies for the safety of HT use.

关键词： breast cancer postmenopausal hormone therapy unopposed estrogen therapy combined estrogen-progestin therapy

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Recycled glass replacement as fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete

Yasser SHARIFI, Mahmoud HOUSHIAR, Behnam AGHEBATI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 419-428 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0224-8

摘要： With increasing environmental pressure to reduce solid waste and to recycle as much as possible, the concrete industry has adopted a number of methods to achieve this goal by replacement of waste glass with concrete composition materials. Due to differences in mixture design, placement and consolidation techniques, the strength and durability of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) may be different than those of conventional concrete. Therefore, replacement of waste glass with fine aggregate in SCC should deeply be investigated compared to conventional concretes. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of glass replacement with fine aggregate on the SCC properties. In present study, fine aggregate has been replaced with waste glass in six different weight ratios ranging from 0% to 50%. Fresh results indicate that the flow-ability characteristics have been increased as the waste glass incorporated to paste volume. Nevertheless, compressive, flexural and splitting strengths of concrete containing waste glass have been shown to decrease when the content of waste glass is increased. The strength reduction of concrete in different glass replacement ratios is not remarkable, thus it can be produced SCC with waste glass as fine aggregate in a standard manner.

关键词： Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) recycle glass fine aggregate fresh and hardened properties

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Utilization of MSWI fly ash as partial cement or sand substitute with focus on cementing efficiency and health risk assessment

Lei Zheng, Xingbao Gao, Wei Wang, Zifu Li, Lingling Zhang, Shikun Cheng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1184-6

摘要： Washed MSWI fly ash was used as partial cement or sand substitute. Sand replacing is beneficial for strength, while cement replacement reduces strength. Cementing efficiency factor and mortar pore structure explain the strength results. Health risk assessment was conducted for MSWI fly ash blended cement mortar. CR and HI contributed by different exposures and heavy metals were analyzed. The strength of cement substituted mortar decreases with the increase in fly ash amount, whereas the strength increases when the fly ash is blended as sand substitute. A mortar with highest strength (compressive strength= 30.2 Mpa; flexural strength= 7.0 Mpa) was obtained when the sand replacement ratio was 0.75%. The k value (cementing efficiency) of fly ash varied between 0.36 and 0.15 for the fly ash fraction in binder between 5% and 25%. The k values of fly ash used for sand replacement were all significantly above that used for cement substitution. The macropores assigned to the gaps between particles decreased when the fly ash was used as sand replacement, providing an explanation for the strength enhancement. The waste-extraction procedure (toxicity-sulphuric acid and nitric acid method (HJ/T 299-2007)) was used to evaluate metal leaching, indicating the reuse possibility of fly ash blended mortar. For the mortar with the mass ratio of fly ash to binder of 0.5%, the carcinogenic risks (CR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) in sensitive scenario for blended mortar utilization were 9.66 × 10-7 and 0.06, respectively; these results were both lower than the threshold values, showing an acceptable health risk. The CR (9.89 × 10-5) and HQ (3.89) of the non-sensitive scenario for fly ash treatment exceeded the acceptable threshold values, indicating health risks to onsite workers. The main contributor to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is Cr and Cd, respectively. The CR and HQ from inhalation was the main route of heavy metal exposure.

关键词： MSWI fly ash Cementing efficiency Health risk assessment of heavy metal Sand replacement Cement replacement

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Particle therapy for cancers: a new weapon in radiation therapy

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 165-172 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0196-4

摘要：

Particle irradiation started to draw attention in the past decade and has now become a hotspot in the radiation oncology community. This article reviews the most advanced developments in particle irradiation, focusing on the characteristics of proton and carbon ions in radiation physics and radiobiology. The Bragg peak of physical dose distribution causes proton and carbon beams to optimally meet the requirement for cancer irradiation because the Bragg peak permits the accurate concentration of the dose on the tumor, thus sparing the adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, carbon ion has more radiobiological benefits than photon and proton beams. These benefits include stronger sterilization effects on intrinsic radio-resistant tumors and more effective killing of hypoxic, G₀, and S phase cells. Compared with the most advanced radiation techniques using photon, such as three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy, proton therapy has yielded more promising outcomes in local control and survival for head and neck cancers, prostate carcinoma, and pediatric cancers. Carbon therapy in Japan showed even more promising results than proton therapy. The local controls and overall survivals were as good as that treated by surgery in early stages of non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and head and neck cancers, especially for such highly resistant tumors as melanoma. The non-invasive nature of particle therapy affords more patients with chances to receive and benefit from treatment. Particle therapy is gradually getting attention from the oncology community. However, the cost of particle therapy facilities has limited the worldwide use of this technology.

关键词： radiation therapy particle therapy proton carbon cancer

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left ventricular remodelling and clinical outcome following surgical and trans-catheter aortic valve replacement

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 416-437 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0852-7

摘要： Over the last half century, surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) has evolved to offer a durable and efficient valve haemodynamically, with low procedural complications that allows favourable remodelling of left ventricular (LV) structure and function. The latter has become more challenging among elderly patients, particularly following trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Precise understanding of myocardial adaptation to pressure and volume overloading and its responses to valve surgery requires comprehensive assessments from aortic valve energy loss, valvular-vascular impedance to myocardial activation, force-velocity relationship, and myocardial strain. LV hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis remains as the structural and morphological focus in this endeavour. Early intervention in asymptomatic aortic stenosis or regurgitation along with individualised management of hypertension and atrial fibrillation is likely to improve patient outcome. Physiological pacing via the His-Purkinje system for conduction abnormalities, further reduction in para-valvular aortic regurgitation along with therapy of angiotensin receptor blockade will improve patient outcome by facilitating hypertrophy regression, LV coordinate contraction, and global vascular function. TAVI leaflet thromboses require anticoagulation while impaired access to coronary ostia risks future TAVI-in-TAVI or coronary interventions. Until comparable long-term durability and the resolution of TAVI related complications become available, SAVR remains the first choice for lower risk younger patients.

关键词： surgical aortic valve replacement trans-catheter aortic valve implantation left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis myocardial force-velocity relationship His-Purkinje pacing renin-angiotensin system inhibitors coronary access impairment

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Passive antibody therapy in emerging infectious diseases

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1021-y

摘要： The epidemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and its variants of concern (VOCs) has been ongoing for over 3 years. Antibody therapies encompassing convalescent plasma, hyperimmunoglobulin, and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) applied in passive immunotherapy have yielded positive outcomes and played a crucial role in the early COVID-19 treatment. In this review, the development path, action mechanism, clinical research results, challenges, and safety profile associated with the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma, hyperimmunoglobulin, and mAbs were summarized. In addition, the prospects of applying antibody therapy against VOCs was assessed, offering insights into the coping strategies for facing new infectious disease outbreaks.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 convalescent plasma hyperimmunoglobulin neutralizing monoclonal antibodies

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mTOR-targeted cancer therapy: great target but disappointing clinical outcomes, why?

Shi-Yong Sun

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 221-231 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0812-7

摘要： The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) critically regulates several essential biological functions, such as cell growth, metabolism, survival, and immune response by forming two important complexes, namely, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and complex 2 (mTORC2). mTOR signaling is often dysregulated in cancers and has been considered an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Great efforts have been made to develop efficacious mTOR inhibitors, particularly mTOR kinase inhibitors, which suppress mTORC1 and mTORC2; however, major success has not been achieved. With the strong scientific rationale, the intriguing question is why cancers are insensitive or not responsive to mTOR-targeted cancer therapy in clinics. Beyond early findings on induced activation of PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and Mnk/eIF4E survival signaling pathways that compromise the efficacy of rapalog-based cancer therapy, recent findings on the essential role of GSK3 in mediating cancer cell response to mTOR inhibitors and mTORC1 inhibition-induced upregulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells may provide some explanations. These new findings may also offer us the opportunity to rationally utilize mTOR inhibitors in cancer therapy. Further elucidation of the biology of complicated mTOR networks may bring us the hope to develop effective therapeutic strategies with mTOR inhibitors against cancer.

关键词： mTOR cancer therapy resistance GSK3 protein degradation E3 ubiquitin ligase PD-L1

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Targeted therapy of desmoid-type fibromatosis: mechanism, current situation, and future prospects

Zhen Wang, Jianhui Wu, Xiuyun Tian, Chunyi Hao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 427-437 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0672-6

摘要： Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) is a rare monoclonal fibroblastic proliferation that is characterized by locally infiltrative but rarely metastatic lesions. Tyrosine kinase and γ-secretase inhibitors are primarily used in the targeted therapy of DF. The use of these drugs, however, is mainly based on the recommendations of retrospective studies with small sample sizes. Previous studies that focused on the mechanism, efficacy, and safety of targeted therapy for DF were reviewed to provide references for clinical applications and research. The efficacy and safety of targeted therapy were compared with those of other systemic therapy options. Targeted therapy does not provide considerable advantages in efficacy and safety over other medical treatments and is usually applied after the failure of antihormonal therapies, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and chemotherapy. Further studies are required to explore the mechanism, indications, and appropriate drug dosage of the targeted therapy of DF.

关键词： targeted therapy desmoid-type fibromatosis tyrosine kinase inhibitor γ-secretase inhibitor

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标题作者时间类型操作

Nicotine gum or patch treatment for smoking cessation and smoking reduction: a multi-centre study in

null

期刊论文

Effect of ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nicotine on the structure of Aβ protein

期刊论文

Protective effects of nicotine on gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons and dopaminergic neurons in mice with

Lei FU MD , Dezheng GONG BM , Yan PENG , Dongmei WANG BM , Hong XU , Yue LI MD , Dengqin YU BS , Yanhui FENG MD , Shengming YIN PhD , Jin GONG , Yiping SUN PhD ,

期刊论文

Effect of fly ash replacement level on the fracture behavior of concrete

Mahdi AREZOUMANDI, Jeffery S. VOLZ

期刊论文

Endosulfan residues and farmers’ replacement behaviors of endosulfan in the north-west inland cotton

期刊论文

The evolution of surgical and medical treatment of aortic root aneurysm

null

期刊论文

term performance of recycled concrete beams with different water–cement ratio and recycled aggregate replacement

Jingwei YING; Feiming SU; Shuangren CHEN

期刊论文